Wireless Omni Directional

A Basic Review Of Ieee 802.11 Wireless Lan Technology

Wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless broadband technology that utilizes radio frequency (RF) to transmit and receive data through the air, minimizing the need for wired networks.

There are two competing RF technologies in the use of Wireless LAN, the IEEE 802.11 standard and proprietary technologies. Both fall under wireless broadband technology. Broadband means the ability to transmit high-speed voice, data and video traffic using a wide range of frequencies on a single wireless medium or device.

This page aims to give you an overview about Wireless Broadband -IEEE 802.11 standard commonly called Wireless LAN. 802.11 is a standard agreed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) the world's leading professional association for the advancement of technology. 802.11 is the standard adopted by IEEE to define an over the air interface between a wireless client and base station or between two wireless clients.

The 802.11 standard has evolved over the years and became one of the most successfully deployed technologies. The standard now covers 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g systems.

Radio Frequency (RF) is the medium use by wireless networks in the transmission of information over the air. RF works by converting electrical current into radio waves and transmit those waves over the air using a defined frequency of the radio spectrum. An example, the AM and FM radios two most commonly known uses of the RF spectrum.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the one administering the use of radio spectrum between the frequencies of 9 Kilohertz (KHz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). 802.11 WLAN systems operate in the radio spectrum available to the public, also known as the unlicensed frequency band. These radio spectrum bands are unlicensed, free for use by anyone provided FCC regulations are complied with.

The FCC as a regulatory governs the maximum transmit power of wireless radios as well as, type of encoding and frequency modulations to be used. In 802.11 operations, it is provided for by the FCC that non-licensed radios (such as 802.11) must accept interference from licensed electronic systems. FCC considers licensed device as the primary equipment.

802.11 Wireless LAN Standard Operating Frequencies: The 802.11 standard are assigned frequencies 2.4 GHz (2.4-2.4835 GHz) on ISM Band and 5 GHz (5.15-5.25 GHz, G.25-5.35 GHz, 5.725-5.825 GHz) of the U-NII band. 802.11b and 802.11g operates on 2.4 GHz while 802.11a is operating on the 5 GHz band.

802.11 assigned frequency range has different characteristics. Lower Frequencies (2.4 GHz ) exhibit better range but with limited bandwidth and lower data rates. Higher Frequencies (5 GHz) have less range but higher data rates but is prone to blocking by solid objects.

These are attributable to attenuation and interference. Attenuation or the loss of signal strength during transmission is higher when the receiver is farther from the transmitter. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings also contribute to attenuation by blocking or weakening radio signals, causing signal loss or dead spots. Depending of what they are made of, floors, walls, and ceilings can either strengthen or weaken WLAN signals. Interference can be caused by nearby stations operating in the same frequency on the same channel. 2.4 GHz cordless phones for instance can cause great interference on 802.11b wireless networks.

Wireless broadband and WLAN devices are called transceiver devices since it both transmit and receive at the same time. Each component both transmits and receives IP traffic. Antennas direct RF power into the air over a coverage area. An Antenna provides wireless LAN devices gain, direction and polarization. Gain is the measure of increase in power while direction is the shape of the transmission pattern. Polarization is dependent on antenna alignment and can be typically described as vertical or horizontal. Most Access Point antennas are designed to operate in vertical pattern for maximum horizontal coverage plane or polarization. Putting the antenna in a horizontal position will result in a vertical plane limiting coverage.

The factor to consider in increasing the range of Wireless LAN devices is the Antenna and EIRP. EIRP or Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power is being governed or limited by FCC regulations to a maximum of Four (4) watts with additional restrictions/limitations depending on type of antenna (directional or omni-directional) and antenna placement (indoor or outdoors). Some countries limit EIRP to as much as 100mw, above this will require a license to operate. This applies mostly for outdoor WLAN equipments.

To deploy long-range outdoor wireless broadband and WLAN devices, please consult your country's telecommunication commission guidelines on use of outdoor wireless broadband (WLAN) devices.

The goal is to reach people yearning to start their own home-based business even in remote regions thru cost-effective internet business and long-range wireless communication solutions.

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Cisco Aironet Omni-directional Antenna $157.99 0.98" Height x 3" Width 1 Year Limited 1.5:1 3 x RP-TNC 36" 360° Horizontal 4 dBi 4.90 GHz to 5.85 GHz 45° Elevation 50 Ohm Spare Product AIR-ANT5140V-R AIR-ANT5140V-R= Aironet Aironet Omni-directional Antenna Cisco Cisco Systems, Inc Linear Omni-directional Omnidirectional Antenna Wireless Data Network www.cisco.com

ANT2405v2 5 dBi Omni-directional Antenna - antenna $36.99 NETGEAR ANT2405v2 5 dBi Omni-directional Antenna - Antenna - 802.11 b/g - 5 dBi - omni-directional - white - for ProSafe WAG102 Dual Band Wireless Access Point

Motorola 2.4GHz Outdoor Omni-directional Antenna $117.99 2.4GHz Outdoor Omni-directional Antenna 7 dBi IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g ML-2499-FHPA5-01R Motorola Motorola, Inc N-type Male Omni-directional Omnidirectional Antenna Wireless Data Network www.motorola.com/us

Oan-1070 - Levelone Oan-1070 Indoor Omni-Directional Antenna - Omni-Directional $25.23 levelone Oan-1070 7dbi Omni-directional Indoor Antenna Is A Desktop Antenna That Provides Further Distance Connection Up To 400 To 450 Meters For 802.11b Or 802.11g Wireless Network By Improved Signal Strength And Quality. With The Unique Design, The Antenna Can Be Easily Placed In The Limited Desk Space In Order To Achieve The Best Wireless Coverage. This Antenna Kit Comes With Antenna And The Built-in 1.5m Gdc-101 Extension Cable. [OAN1070] UPC: 878742000646 UNSPC: 43221706 11L x 6.5W x 0.01H 0.9 LB

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High Gain Omni Directional Antennas SMA Connector $6.5 Compatible with both wireless-G / wireless-B / wireless-N devices Omni directional design gives you 360 of added coverage Simply attach to your wireless access point or router Increase your wireless coverage in difficult to reach places Optimal Gain: 10 dBi Operating Frequency: 2.4~2.5 GHz Voltage Standing Wave Radio: 1.5 max Polarization: Linear Vertical Impedance: 50 ohms Direction: Omni Directional Connector: Reverse SMA Weight: 92 g

TRENDnet TEW-AI77OB Duo Indoor Omni-Directional Antenna $32.99 2 x RP-SMA Female 2.40 GHz 50 Ohm 6.50" Length x 2.44" Width x 11.81" Height 7 dBi 9.70 oz Cable Type/ Material: 2-in-1 GDC-201B black color/ PVC FCC Certified Works with: Access point Router or desktop PCI adaptor with detachable antennas Reverse SMA male connectors wireless b/g/n TEW-AI77OB Duo Indoor Omni-Directional Antenna Antenna stand 2x 7dBi Omni-Directional antenna Quick Install Guide Mounting kit The Duo 7dBi Indoor Omni-Directional Antenna extends coverage of your existing wireless b, g or n device. The antenna design works with wireless routers or access points with two detachable antennas. Omni-directional Omnidirectional Antenna RoHS TEW-AI77OB TEW-AI77OB Duo Indoor Omni-Directional Antenna TRENDnet Wireless Data Network Yes www.trendnet.com

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Audiovox Omni-directional PIB $49.45 Audiovox Omni-directional PIB

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TRENDnet 8dBi Outdoor Omni-Directional Antenna $47.99 0.98" x 3.15" x 20.47" 11.39 oz 2.40 GHz to 2.50 GHz 3 Year 50 Ohm 8 dBi 8dBi Outdoor Omni-Directional Antenna Radome Color: Gray white Radome Material: Fiberglass Boosts and increases the effective range coverage by 8X the area covered by the base station alone Easy-to-install wall / pole mounting The 8dBi Outdoor Omni Directional expands wireless coverage for existing 802.11b/802.11g wireless networks to improve wireless performance at longer distances. Perfect for Wi-Fi hotspots and wireless home networks, the antenna blankets any given area with Wi-Fi signals to provide continuous connectivity in every direction. Linear N-type Female Omni-directional Omnidirectional Antenna TEW-AO08O TRENDnet Vertical Wireless Data Network www.trendnet.com

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