Density Thermal Compound

Environmental Impact and Health Effects of Sodium

Sodium (symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 22,9898) is a chemical a soft metal, reactive and with a low melting point, and a relative density of 0,97 at 20ºC (68ºF). The element’s name comes from the English word soda, which is sometimes used to describe various sodium compounds. From the commercial point of view, sodium is the most important of all the alkaline metals. Sodium reacts quickly with water, and also with snow and ice, to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. When recently cut metallic sodium is exposed to air, it loses its silvery appearance and acquires an opaque grey colour due to the formation of a sodium oxide coating. While sodium can react with ammonia to form sodium amide, it does react with halogens. Sodium and hydrogen react above 200ºC (390ºF) to form sodium hydride.

Sodium also reacts with various metallic halides to generate the metal and sodium chloride. Sodium doesn’t react with paraffinic hydrocarbons, but it forms addition compounds with naphthalene and other aromatic polycyclic compounds and with aryl alkenes. The reaction of sodium with alcohols is similar to the reaction of sodium with water, but slower. There are two general reactions with organic halides. One of them requires the condensation of two organic compounds, which form halogens when those are eliminated. The second type of reaction includes the replacement of halogen by sodium, to obtain a sodium organic compound. Sodium is found in nature only in the combined state. It occurs in the ocean and in salt lakes as sodium chloride, NaCl, and less often as sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, and sodium sulfate, Na2SO4. Sodium is prepared commercially by the electrolytic decomposition of fused sodium chloride. Sodium ranks seventh in order of abundance of the elements in Earth's crust. It is a necessary constituent of plant and animal tissue.

Sodium is prepared commercially by the electrolytic decomposition of fused sodium chloride. It is a necessary constituent of plant and animal tissue. Sodium in its metallic form is very important in making esters and in the manufacture of organic compounds. Sodium is also a component of table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl) a very important compound found everywhere in the living environment. Its other uses are: to improve the structure of certain alloys; in soap, in combination with fatty acids, in sodium vapor lamps, to descale metals, to purify molten metals. Solid sodium carbonate is needed to make glass. The element is used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead and as a cooling agent in nuclear reactors. Other important compounds of sodium include sodium carbonate, known as washing soda, and sodium bicarbonate, known as baking soda. Sodium hydroxide, known commercially as soda lye or caustic soda, is used in the manufacture of many important articles of immense importance. Sodium fluoride, NaF, is used as an antiseptic, as a poison for mice and roaches, and in ceramics. Sodium nitrate, known as Chile saltpeter, is used as a fertilizer. Sodium peroxide, Na2O2, is an important bleaching and oxidizing agent. Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3 · 5H2O, known as hypo, is used in photography as a fixing agent.

Sodium is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is found in nature only in the combined state ranking sixth or seventh in order of abundance of the elements and containing 2,83% of sodium in all its forms. It occurs in the ocean and in salt lakes as sodium chloride, NaCl, and less often as sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, and sodium sulfate, Na2SO4. Sodium is the second most abundant element after chlorine (as chloride ions) dissolved in seawater. The most important sodium salts found in nature are sodium chloride (halite or rock salt), sodium carbonate (trona or soda), sodium borate (borax), sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate. Sodium salts are found in seawater (1.05%), salty lakes, alkaline lakes and  springs. A huge amount of this salt is extracted mainly from salt deposits by pumping water down bore holes to dissolve it and pumping up brine. The sun and many other stars shine with visible light in which the yellow component dominates and this is given out by sodium atoms in a high-energy state. Sodium's powdered form is highly explosive in water and a poison combined and uncombined with many other elements. This chemical is not mobile in solid form, although it absorbs moisture very easily.

Sodium salts are important ingredients of many foodstuffs (for instance common salt) as besides imparting salty taste, it is necessary for humans to maintain the balance of the physical fluids system. Sodium is also required for nerve and muscle functioning. However, too much sodium can damage our kidneys and increases the chances of high blood pressure. The amount of sodium a person consumes each day varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. Some people get as little as 2 g/day, some as much as 20 grams. Sodium is essential, but controversially surrounds the amount required. Contact of sodium with water, including perspiration causes the formation of sodium hydroxide fumes, which are highly irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. This may cause sneezing and coughing. Very severe exposures may result in difficult breathing, coughing and chemical bronchitis. Contact to the skin may cause itching, tingling, thermal and caustic burns and permanent damage. Its contact with eyes may result in permanent damage and loss of sight.

 

 

 

 

About the Author

Dr.Badruddin Khan teaches chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, india.His E.mail is:khanbudr@yahoo.co.in

Arctic Silver Ceramique High-Density Thermal Compound 22g/8cc Tube CMQ22G $11.94 Arctic Silver Ceramique High-Density Thermal Compound 22g/8cc Tube CMQ22G

ARCTIC COOLING MX-2 Thermal Compound $8.99 MX-2 is a high thermal conductivity and low thermal resistance compound for components that require optimum thermal dissipation. It is ideally suited for use in CPU, GPU cooling and other applications between power semiconductor components and heat sinks where thermal conductivity is a major factor. Specifications: Density: 3.69 g/ cm3 Viscosity: 2850 poise Net Weight: 4 g (0.008 lbs.) Features: High Thermal Conductivity Low Thermal Resistance Non-Electrical Conductive Non-Capacitive Non-Curing Non-Corrosive No Bleeding Odorless

Arctic Silver Ceramique Premium High-Density Thermal Compound 2.5g Tube CMQ2.5G $10.95 Arctic Silver Ceramique Premium High-Density Thermal Compound 2.5g Tube CMQ2.5G

Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 12g Tube AS5-12G $27.14 Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 12g Tube AS5-12G

Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 3.5 Gram /Tube $14.28 Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 3.5 Gram /Tube

Arctic Silver Cramique 22g High-Density Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound $14.54 Arctic Silver Cramique 22g High-Density Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound

Masscool STARS-700 0.5gram Thermal Compound $6.85 Masscool STARS-700 0.5gram Thermal Compound

Antec Formula 6 Thermal Compound $14.86 Antec Formula 6 Thermal Compound

Antec Formula 7 Thermal Compound $19.54 Antec Formula 7 Thermal Compound

ARCTIC COOLING ACTC-MX4-20G ARCTIC MX-4 20g Thermal Compound $34.99 Specifications: Thermal Conductivity (W/mk): 8.5 Viscosity (poise): 870 Density (g/cm³): 2.5 Dimensions: 20g: 182 x 35 x 20 mm Net Weight: 20g Features: The ARCTIC MX-4 is a new thermal compound that guarantees exceptional heat dissipation from components and maintains the needed stability to push your computer system to its maximum. The ARCTIC MX-4 continues to be overclocker's ultimate choice when choosing thermal compound.

Max Group DY20FCMPND Dynatron Thermal Compound Thermal Interface Material Between CPU and Heatsink $54.93 Property / Color: Gray Paste. Description: Thermal Compound Interface material between CPU and Heatsink . Thermal Conductivity (withmK): 4.1. Viscosity(Pa.s): 300. Penetration 23deg;C: 310. Density 23deg;C: 2.9. Bleed 150deg;C/24h():

Dynex Thermal Compound $10.99 Keep your computer's CPU cool with this silver-based thermal compound that includes a syringe for easy application.

Antec / NANO DIAMOND THERMAL COMPOUND / FORMULA 6 $20.13 Antec - NANO DIAMOND THERMAL COMPOUND - FORMULA 6

Cooler Master Thermal Compound CM HTK-002-U1 HTK002U1 $10.78 Cooler Master Thermal Compound CM HTK-002-U1 HTK002U1

Arctic Cooling MX-4 Thermal Compound ARCTICMX4 $14.28 Arctic Cooling MX-4 Thermal Compound ARCTICMX4

STARS Professional Thermal Compound with Injection Tube (10-Pack) $2.2 STARS Professional Thermal Compound with Injection Tube (10-Pack)

Silver Thermal Compound $7.99 MODEL - SILVERTHERMAL      VENDOR - ANTEC INC FEATURES - Silver Thermal Compound for Intel Pentium and AMD CPUs               Made with 99 percent pure micronized silver to transfer heat from your        processor to your heatsink more efficiently. * Made with 99% pure micronized silver * 75% to 80% silver content by weight * Extended temperature limits: -60c to 170c * Thermal conductivity: 8.2 W/m K * Thermal resistance: 0.0022 c/w * Negligible electrical conductivity www.Antec.com

10pcs/lot 30g CPU silicone Thermal Paste Heatsink Compound,thermal grease $27.37 10pcs/lot 30g CPU silicone Thermal Paste Heatsink Compound,thermal grease

Formula 7 Thermal Compound $15.99 A diamond-caliber solution, Antec's Formula 7 thermal compound helps keep your CPU cool even when your rig is running on all cylinders. Composed to perform optimally between extreme temperatures of -50 C to 250 C, Formula 7's diamond particles facilitate the transfer of heat between your CPU and heat sink, thus increasing your system's efficiency.

Noctua NT-H1 Thermal Compound $9.99 Features: Excellent performance NT-H1 consists of a hybrid compound of different micro-particles, which has been specifically optimized for use in PC environments. Thanks to its extremely low thermal resistance as well as excellent pliability and spreadability, NT-H1 achieves outstanding results. Maximum ease of use & efficient dosage As NT-H1 spreads very well under pressure, there's no need to smear it over the heat-spreader. This reduces both the consumption of paste and the time spent on the installation process: Put one drop of NT-H1 onto the centre of your CPU, install the cooler and that's it! Top-performance right from the start NT-H1 reaches its full performance extremely fast and doesn't require a longer "burn-in" time. Excellent long-term stability NT-H1 doesn't contain any solvents or other substances with low flash point and provides excellent lon...

Rosewill RCX-TC090PRO Thermal Compound $5.99 Specifications: Thermal Conductivity : > 10 W/mK Operating Temperature : -50°C~240°C Volume : 20g(9ml) Features: Innovative paint brush design makes it super easier to apply Superior and reliable performance

Rosewill RCX-TC060PRO Thermal Compound $4.99 Specifications: Thermal Conductivity : > 10 W/mK Operating Temperature : -50°C~240°C Volume : 11g(5ml) Features: Innovative paint brush design makes it super easier to apply Superior and reliable performance

ARCTIC COOLING Arctic Cooling MX-4 AC-MX4 4 gram (g) All-Around Thermal Compound $9.99 The ARCTIC MX-4 is a new thermal compound that guarantees exceptional heat dissipation from components and maintains the needed stability to push your computer system to its maximum. The ARCTIC MX-4 continues to be overclocker’s ultimate choice when choosing thermal compound. Specifications: Thermal Conductivity (W/mk): 8.5 Viscosity (poise): 870 Density (g/cm3): 2.5 Net Weight: 4g The ARCTIC MX-4 is a premium-grade thermal paste with exceptional performance and ease of application. It is an electrically non-conductive paste that is applied between CPU/GPU and designated coolers to transfer the dissipated heat from the components to the heat sink. Since the ARCTIC MX-4 is a metal-free compound, it eliminates the risks of causing short circuit and in turn adding more protection to your computer. The new formula in the ARCTIC MX-4 features optimal thermal conductivity and low thermal resistance. These characteristics effectively dissipate the emitted heat from the core components. The consistency of the ARCTIC MX-4 is designed for simple application. Its texture is just thin enough to spread onto components using fingers without...

Arctic Silver 5 Thermal Compound $21.99 Thermal compound is necessary to create a reliable transfer of heat from your computer's processor to its heatsink to keep your CPU from overheating. Arctic Silver 5 thermal compound does this with three unique shapes and sizes of pure silver particles to maximize particle-to-particle contact area and thermal transfer. It's optimized for use between modern high-power CPUs and high-performance heatsinks or water-cooling solutions. This 12-gram tube contains enough compound to cover at least 50 small CPU cores, or 20 large CPU cores, or 7 to 15 heat plates. Note: This is an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) version, which includes the product, but nothing else. They are packaged generically and are best suited for system builders who don't require documentation or bundled accessories. Specifications: Thermal Conductance: >350,000W/m2 °C (0.001 inch layer) Thermal Resistance: 180°C Long-Term: –50°C to 130°C Performance: 3 to 12 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads when measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core Features: 12-gram

Tuniq TX-2 Cooling Thermal Compound $6.99 You need thermal compound to create a reliable transfer of heat from your computer's processor to its heatsink to keep your CPU from overheating. Tuniq TX-2 thermal compound does this with low thermal resistance and small molecular to maximize particle-to-particle contact area and thermal transfer. It's optimized for use between modern high-power CPUs and high-performance heatsinks or water-cooling solutions. This 3.5-gram tube contains enough compound to cover at least 15 to 25 small CPU cores, or 6 to 10 large CPU cores, or 2 to 5 heat plates. Specifications: Appearance: Grey Viscosity: 285000 cP Thermal conductivity: 4.5W/mK Operating temperature: -45°C ~ 200°C Specific Gravity: 3.96 @ 25°C Volume: 0.007 lbs. (3.5g) Features: Low thermal resistance for superior heat transfer, 4.5W/mK Small molecular size makes a better contact between the heatsink and heatsource. Thin bond line for hi-efficiency conductivity Low bleed under high pressure Help the low-pressure clip design of cooler to achieve better cooling performance. RoHS compliant Not Electrically conductive

Biostar TC-DIAMOND Nano Diamond Thermal Compound $17.99 Specifications: Thermal Conductivity: >3.8 W/m-K Thermal Resistance: 2.5 Operating Temp.: -50°C to 240°C Weight: 1.5g Ingredient: Silicone Compounds 50%, Carbon Compounds 20%, Metal Oxide Compounds 20%, Diamond Particle 10% Features: Biostar Nano Diamond Thermal Compound is an ultra conductive thermal compound which is speacially blended for hi-performance heatsinks. The featured ingredient of Biostar Nano Diamond Thermal Compound is Nano Diamond whose well-known characteritics are high thermal conductivity and complete insulation. It only takes a small amount for each application to greatly enhance the performance of heatsink. Besides, Biostar Nano Diamond Thermal Compound is totally free from the possibly electric conduction of those metallic based thermal compound. Biostar Nano Diamond Thermal Compound is a...

Arctic Silver AA-1.75G Thermal Compound $5.99 Specifications: Thermal conductivity: >4.0 W/mK (Hot Wire Method Per MIL-C-47113) Thermal Resistance: 160°C Long-Term: – 40°C to 125°C Lower full load core temperatures: 2 to 10 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads. When measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core. Features: 1.75 gram tubes. (A bit more than 1cc) This is enough compound to cover at least 25 to 35 small CPU cores, or 9 to 15 large CPU cores, or 4 to 8 heat plates. At a layer 0.003" thick, one tube will cover approximately 24 square inches.

Heatsink Thermal Compound (Grease-like) $2 - Content note: These little tanks comes factory sealed by an one-timetear-off strip. Manufacturer indicates that net weight is 20g as shown in the product packaging picture but some customers have reported that content may be much less from the claimed 20 grams.The thermal compound containerscome packaged directly from the factory and BestOfferBuy does not open them to reduce the amount of content in any way. We will work with the factory to make sure that they will live up to their standards.

Zalman ZM - STG1 Thermal Compound $9.99 Zalman's STG1 is an easy to apply compound that increases the thermal efficiency of your computer's CPU cooling system by eliminating the miniscule air gaps between the processor and the heat sink. Instead of messy squeeze tubes STG1 comes in a bottle with a handy in-cap brush. Application is a simple process. Remove the heat sink, brush the STG1 onto the heat sink, re-attach the heat sink. It conducts heat away from sensitive components and improves the efficiency of your cooling system. Keep things cool and functioning under the hottest action! Specifications: Type : Non-curing compound Capacity : 3.5g Specific Gravity : 2.86 Temperature Stability : -45°C to 150°C (-49°F to 302°F) Thermal Conductivity : 4W/mK Features: 1. Best Performance Zalman’s Super Thermal Grease (STG) maximizes heat transfer by eliminating the minute air gap between the heat source and the heat sink caused by their irregular surfaces. 2. Ease of use The brush attached to the bottle enables easy application and also prevents unnecessary waste of grease. 3. Easy Storage A sealed bottle keeps the grease fresh for longer time, which is necessary since the bottled quantity allows 10 or more times of use. Parts: 1 year Labor: 1 year

VIO / VIO 1.5g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound / THERMAL-GREASE1-5 $11.89 VIO - VIO 1.5g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound - THERMAL-GREASE1-5

Zalman / Zalman ZM-STG1 High Performance Thermal Compound / ZM-STG1 $19.37 Zalman - Zalman ZM-STG1 High Performance Thermal Compound - ZM-STG1

1g White Silicone Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound GREASE-1G $4.98 1g White Silicone Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound GREASE-1G

Vio 1.5G Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound THERMALGREASE15 $8.89 Vio 1.5G Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound THERMALGREASE15

Arctic Silver Alumina Thermal Compound 14g/9cc Tube AA14G $11.17 Arctic Silver Alumina Thermal Compound 14g/9cc Tube AA14G

Generic Arctic Alumina Thermal Compound 1.75g Tube FANAA175G $8.95 Generic Arctic Alumina Thermal Compound 1.75g Tube FANAA175G

Deepcool Z5 3g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound $13.06 Deepcool Z5 3g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound

Deepcool Z3 1.5g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound $12.46 Deepcool Z3 1.5g Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound

Arctic Silver AA-14G Thermal Compound $7.99 Specifications: Thermal conductivity: >4.0 W/mK (Hot Wire Method Per MIL-C-47113) Thermal Resistance: 160°C Long-Term: – 40°C to 125°C Lower full load core temperatures: 2 to 10 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads. When measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core. Features: 14 gram tubes (About 9cc) At a layer 0.003" thick, one tube will cover approximately 192 square inches.

Syba CLPTSLCOOL Silver Cool Thermal Compound for CPU $21.58 Silver Cool Thermal Compound. Silver Cool 1.5g. Viscosity: 76 CPS. Thermal Conductivity: >4.5W/mK. Thermal Impedance: 5.1. Operation Temperature: 30 C to 240 C. Silicone Compounds: 50. Carbon Compounds: 20. Metal Oxide Compounds: 20. Silver Oxide Compounds: 10.

This entry was posted on Sunday, July 1st, 2007 at 4:53 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.